Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment

MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY ARSENIC EXPOSURE
Inorganic and methylated arsenic species can accumulate in different tissues including the brain, in which the accumulation is region-specific. Perinatal exposure to arsenic leads to long-term behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits. The neurotoxic mechanisms of arsenic include exacerbated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired synaptic activity, which drive cell damage and, ultimately, cell death.
Vázquez Cervantes, Gustavo Ignacio et al. “Mechanisms Associated with Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment Induced by Arsenic Exposure.” Cells vol. 12,21 2537. 28 Oct. 2023, doi:10.3390/cells12212537

METAL PROFILES IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A CROSSTALK BETWEEN TOXIC AND ESSENTIAL METALS
Intriguingly, metals affect the critical molecular aspects of ASD, including oxidative stress, inflammation, synapse development, synaptic communication, brain connectivity, and gut-brain signaling.
Błażewicz, Anna, and Andreas M Grabrucker. “Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 24,1 308. 24 Dec. 2022, doi:10.3390/ijms24010308

HEAVY METALS' EFFECT ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: IMPLICATION OF LEAD, CADMIUM, AND ANTIMONY
Our findings indicate metals’ relationship to susceptibility to ADHD, especially for lead, cadmium, and antimony. Children’s neurocognitive function is particularly correlated to lead levels. 
Lee, Min-Jing et al. “Heavy Metals' Effect on Susceptibility to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Implication of Lead, Cadmium, and Antimony.” International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 15,6 1221. 10 Jun. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijerph15061221